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This work reviews basic features of both Rayleigh-B\'enard (RB) convectionand internally heated (IH) convection, along with findings on IH convectionfrom laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. In the first chapter,six canonical models of convection are described: three configurations of IHconvection driven by constant and uniform volumetric heating, and threeconfigurations of RB convection driven by the boundary conditions. The IHmodels are distinguished by differing pairs of thermal boundary conditions: topand bottom boundaries of equal temperature, an insulating bottom with heat fluxfixed at the top, and an insulating bottom with temperature fixed at the top.The RB models also are distinguished by whether temperatures or heat fluxes arefixed at the top and bottom boundaries. Integral quantities important to heattransport are discussed, including the mean fluid temperature, the meantemperature difference between the boundaries, and the mean convective heattransport. Integral relations and bounds are presented, and further bounds areconjectured for the IH cases. The second chapter presents results that can bederived mathematically from the governing equations: linear and nonlinearstability thresholds of static states, and parameter-dependent bounds. Knownbounds are on mean temperatures in IH convection and on convective transport inRB convection. The third chapter reviews numerical simulations and laboratoryexperiments on IH convection, emphasizing quantitative results.

Internally heated convection and Rayleigh-B\'enard convection