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Analogue models of gravity have provided an experimentally realizable testfield for our ideas on quantum field theory in curved spacetimes but they havealso inspired the investigation of possible departures from exact Lorentzinvariance at microscopic scales. In this role they have joined, and sometimeanticipated, several quantum gravity models characterized by Lorentz breakingphenomenology. A crucial difference between these speculations and other onesassociated to quantum gravity scenarios, is the possibility to carry outobservational and experimental tests which have nowadays led to a broad rangeof constraints on departures from Lorentz invariance. We shall review here theeffective field theory approach to Lorentz breaking in the matter sector,present the constraints provided by the available observations and finallydiscuss the implications of the persisting uncertainty on the composition ofthe ultra high energy cosmic rays for the constraints on the higher order,analogue gravity inspired, Lorentz violations.

Lorentz breaking Effective Field Theory and observational tests