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In XAI it is important to consider that, in contrast to explanations forprofessional audiences, one cannot assume common expertise when explaining forlaypeople. But such explanations between humans vary greatly, making itdifficult to research commonalities across explanations. We used the dualnature theory, a techno-philosophical approach, to cope with these challenges.According to it, one can explain, for example, an XAI's decision by addressingits dual nature: by focusing on the Architecture (e.g., the logic of itsalgorithms) or the Relevance (e.g., the severity of a decision, theimplications of a recommendation). We investigated 20 game explanations usingthe theory as an analytical framework. We elaborate how we used the theory toquickly structure and compare explanations of technological artifacts. Wesupplemented results from analyzing the explanation contents with results froma video recall to explore how explainers justified their explanation. We foundthat explainers were focusing on the physical aspects of the game first(Architecture) and only later on aspects of the Relevance. Reasoning in thevideo recalls indicated that EX regarded the focus on the Architecture asimportant for structuring the explanation initially by explaining the basiccomponents before focusing on more complex, intangible aspects. Shiftingbetween addressing the two sides was justified by explanation goals, emergingmisunderstandings, and the knowledge needs of the explainee. We discoveredseveral commonalities that inspire future research questions which, if furthergeneralizable, provide first ideas for the construction of syntheticexplanations.

Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation