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For the enactment of inter-organizational processes, blockchain can guaranteethe enforcement of process models and the integrity of execution traces.However, existing solutions come with downsides regarding throughputscalability, latency, and suboptimal tradeoffs between confidentiality andtransparency. To address these issues, we propose to change the foundation ofblockchain-based process enactment: from on-chain smart contracts to statechannels, an overlay network on top of a blockchain. State channels allowconducting most transactions off-chain while mostly retaining the core securityproperties offered by blockchain. Our proposal, process channels, is amodel-driven approach to enacting processes on state channels, with the aim toretain the desired blockchain properties while reducing the on-chain footprintas much as possible. We here focus on the principled approach of state channelsas a platform, to enable manifold future optimizations in various directions,like latency and confidentiality. We implement our approach prototypical andevaluate it both qualitatively (w.r.t. assumptions and guarantees) andquantitatively (w.r.t. correctness and gas cost). In short, while the initialdeployment effort is higher with state channels, it typically pays off after afew process instances; and as long as the new assumptions hold, so do theguarantees.

Process Channels: A New Layer for Process Enactment Based on Blockchain State Channels