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In this paper, we propose a physical protocol to verify the first nonzeroterm of a sequence using a deck of cards. The protocol lets a prover show thevalue of the first nonzero term of a given sequence to a verifier withoutrevealing which term it is. Our protocol uses $\Theta(1)$ shuffles, which isasymptotically lower than that of an existing protocol of Fukusawa and Manabewhich uses $\Theta(n)$ shuffles, where $n$ is the length of the sequence. Wealso apply our protocol to construct zero-knowledge proof protocols for threewell-known logic puzzles: ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika. Theseprotocols enables a prover to physically show that he/she know solutions of thepuzzles without revealing them.

Verifying the First Nonzero Term: Physical ZKPs for ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika