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The Great Divide in metaphysical debates about laws of nature is betweenHumeans, who think that laws merely describe the distribution of matter, andnon-Humeans, who think that laws govern it. The metaphysics can place demandson the proper formulations of physical theories. It is sometimes assumed thatthe governing view requires a fundamental / intrinsic direction of time: togovern, laws must be dynamical, producing later states of the world fromearlier ones, in accord with the fundamental direction of time in the universe.In this paper, we propose a minimal primitivism about laws of nature (MinP)according to which there is no such requirement. On our view, laws govern byconstraining the physical possibilities. Our view captures the essence of thegoverning view without taking on extraneous commitments about the direction oftime or dynamic production. Moreover, as a version of primitivism, our viewrequires no reduction / analysis of laws in terms of universals, powers, ordispositions. Our view accommodates several potential candidates forfundamental laws, including the principle of least action, the Past Hypothesis,the Einstein equation of general relativity, and even controversial examplesfound in the Wheeler-Feynman theory of electrodynamics and retrocausal theoriesof quantum mechanics. By understanding governing as constraining, non-Humeanswho accept MinP have the same freedom to contemplate a wide variety ofcandidate fundamental laws as Humeans do.

Governing Without A Fundamental Direction of Time: Minimal Primitivism about Laws of Nature