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This chapter summarizes the results of research activities promoted by a group of researchers working in ABC Department—Politecnico di Milano aimed at energy and environmental requalification of school buildings located in the Lombardy region (Italy). The buildings subject to energy audits have been selected considering various factors, including the type of user (e.g. kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, etc.), construction period, construction technology and degradation. The methodological approach considers energy retrofit scenarios with different energy performance targets and required investments. The results of the research, which is concerned with a substantial and diversified existing building stock, provide public administrators decision-making tools and indicators supporting the energy and environmental retrofit actions for the existing schools. Although the potential for energy savings and reduced environmental impact is important in all scenarios, the achievement of very high energy performance targets is not always economically convenient and is sometimes technically impossible to reach. Large-scale energy planning, therefore, always requires in-depth energy audits that allow defining the optimal energy performance targets. The research activities demonstrate that it is convenient, when the energy performance of a building is improved, to consider also the environmental aspects. For some sample school buildings simulation analyses were carried out in accordance with the LEED® protocol, and the higher cost due to environmental enhancement (e.g. the choice of ecological materials, the recycling of demolition materials or the use of renewable energy sources) is absolutely acceptable in the intervention economy.

Energy and Environmental Retrofit of Existing School Buildings: Potentials and Limits in the Large-Scale Planning