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The impact of developmental and aging processes on brain connectivity and theconnectome has been widely studied. Network theoretical measures and certaintopological principles are computed from the entire brain, however there is aneed to separate and understand the underlying subnetworks which contributetowards these observed holistic connectomic alterations. One organizationalprinciple is the rich-club - a core subnetwork of brain regions that arestrongly connected, forming a high-cost, high-capacity backbone that iscritical for effective communication in the network. Investigations primarilyfocus on its alterations with disease and age. Here, we present a systematicanalysis of not only the rich-club, but also other subnetworks derived fromthis backbone - namely feeder and seeder subnetworks. Our analysis is appliedto structural connectomes in a normal cohort from a large, publicly availablelifespan study. We demonstrate changes in rich-club membership with agealongside a shift in importance from 'peripheral' seeder to feeder subnetworks.Our results show a refinement within the rich-club structure (increase intransitivity and betweenness centrality), as well as increased efficiency inthe feeder subnetwork and decreased measures of network integration andsegregation in the seeder subnetwork. These results demonstrate the differentdevelopmental patterns when analyzing the connectome stratified according toits rich-club and the potential of utilizing this subnetwork analysis to revealthe evolution of brain architectural alterations across the life-span.

Structural subnetwork evolution across the life-span: rich-club, feeder, seeder