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Three strains of human coronavirus (HCV) OC43 were compared for their ability to cause enteric infections and to induce interferon alpha (IFN alpha) using the Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cell line which exhibits spontaneous epithelial differentiation in vitro. MRC-5 cell culture grown stocks were prepared from: 1. CV Paris, a strain of OC43 recovered from an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. 2. CV Mb, a neurotropic strain of OC43 which exhibits strict neuronal specificity in murine neuronal cell cultures. 3. CV Rd, a strain of OC43 which grows to a high titer in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Immunofluorescent staining for nucleocapsid antigen and plaque assay in MRC-5 cells was used to detect viral replication. BG-9 (human foreskin) cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus were used to detect IFN alpha production by human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) stimulated by virus infected Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells infected with virus at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 yielded 10(4.6) and 10(4.4) plaque forming units/ml (pfu/ml) with CV Rd and CV Paris respectively, while CV Mb yielded only 10(3) pfu/ml. Caco-2 cells infected with CV Rd induced 64 IU/ml of IFN alpha in PBMC while these cells infected with CV Paris induced less than 2 IU/ml IFN alpha. In cells infected with CV Mb 4 IU/ml IFN alpha was detected. The results suggest that a lack of IFN alpha induction by CV Paris may be an indicator of its enteropathogenic potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Comparison of the Replication of Distinct Strains of Human Coronavirus OC43 in Organotypic Human Colon Cells (Caco-2) and Mouse Intestine