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In recent years it became clear that a population of galaxies radiating mostof their power in the far-infrared contribute an important part of the wholestar formation activity in the universe. These galaxies emit up to 99% of theirenergy output in the infrared by dust. The optical properties of dust ingalaxies are thus very important to understand this population. Mayo Greenbergwho has brought many of the ideas underlying our understanding of the physicsof interstellar dust has been a pioneer in predicting the important role oforganic solid material formed on dust grains in molecular clouds and ofpotential importance of transient heating of very small particles. It appearedwith the ISO data on galaxies and even more today with the first Spitzer datathat these mechanisms are important globally for the observations of infraredgalaxies at significant redshifts. The understanding of their evolution is oneof the keys to the understanding of galaxy built up and evolution.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the conference  "Penetrating Bars through Masks of Cosmic Dust: The Hubble Tuning Fork  strikes a New Note" held June 7-12th, 2004 in Pilanesberg National Park,  South Afric

The Cosmic Background: Evolution of Infrared Galaxies and Dust Properties. A Lecture Dedicated to the Memory of Mayo Greenberg