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The ascomycete filamentous fungus  Neurospora crassa  played a historic role in experimental biology and became a model system for genetic research. Stimulated by a systematic effort to collect wild strains initiated by Stanford geneticist David Perkins, the genus  Neurospora  has also become a basic model for the study of evolutionary processes, speciation, and population biology. In this chapter, we will first trace the history that brought  Neurospora  into the era of population genomics. We will then cover the major contributions of population genomic investigations using  Neurospora  to our understanding of microbial biogeography and speciation, and review recent work using population genomics and genome-wide association mapping that illustrates the unique potential of  Neurospora  as a model for identifying the genetic basis of (potentially adaptive) phenotypes in filamentous fungi. The advent of population genomics has contributed to firmly establish  Neurospora  as a complete model system and we hope our review will entice biologists to include  Neurospora  in their research.

Neurospora from Natural Populations: Population Genomics Insights into the Life History of a Model Microbial Eukaryote