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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in proximity to bone marrow endothelial cells (BM ECs) and maintenance of the HSC pool is dependent upon EC‐mediated c‐kit signaling. Here, we used genetic models to determine whether radioprotection of BM ECs could facilitate hematopoietic regeneration following radiation‐induced myelosuppression. We developed mice bearing deletion of the proapoptotic proteins, BAK and BAX, in Tie2 +  ECs and HSCs ( Tie2Bak/Bax   Fl/−   mice) and compared their hematopoietic recovery following total body irradiation (TBI) with mice which retained  Bax  in Tie2 +  cells. Mice bearing deletion of  Bak  and  Bax  in Tie2 +  cells demonstrated protection of BM HSCs, preserved BM vasculature, and 100% survival following lethal dose TBI. In contrast, mice that retained  Bax  expression in Tie2 +  cells demonstrated depletion of BM HSCs, disrupted BM vasculature, and 10% survival post‐TBI. In a complementary study,  VEcadherinBak/Bax   Fl/−   mice, which lack  Bak  and  Bax  in VEcadherin +  ECs, also demonstrated increased recovery of BM stem/progenitor cells following TBI compared to mice which retained  Bax  in VEcadherin +  ECs. Importantly, chimeric mice that lacked  Bak  and  Bax  in HSCs but retained  Bak  and  Bax  in BM ECs displayed significantly decreased HSC content and survival following TBI compared to mice lacking  Bak  and  Bax  in both HSCs and BM ECs. These data suggest that the hematopoietic response to ionizing radiation is dependent upon HSC‐autonomous responses but is regulated by BM EC‐mediated mechanisms. Therefore, BM ECs may be therapeutically targeted as a means to augment hematopoietic reconstitution following myelosuppression. S TEM  C ELLS  2013;31:327–337

Tie2 + Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regeneration Following Radiation Injury