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Gender identity disorders ( GID ) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms.    Aim  The aim of this study was to determine masculine and feminine gender roles in a group of Iranian patients with  GID  and compare these roles with two control groups.    Methods  Twelve male‐to‐female ( MF ) and 27 female‐to‐male ( FM ) individuals with  GID  referred to  T ehran  P sychiatric  I nstitute in  T ehran,  I .  R .  I ran were evaluated by self‐report inventories and were compared with two groups of healthy controls (81 men and 89 women). Diagnoses were established based on the  D iagnostic and  S tatistical  M anual of  M ental  D isorders, fourth edition ( DSM‐IV ) criteria. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance and chi‐squared test.    Main Outcome Measures  Masculine and feminine gender roles were assessed by two questionnaires: (i)  G ender‐ M asculine ( GM ) and  G ender‐ F eminine ( GF ) scales derived from the  M innesota  M ultiphasic  I nventory‐2 ( MMPI ‐2); (ii)  B em  S ex  R ole  I nventory ( BSRI ).    Results  In the scales of masculinity,  MF‐GID  individuals scored as male controls, but lower than female controls.  FM‐GID  individuals scored similar to female controls and higher than male controls. In femininity scales,  MF‐GID  individuals and control women seemed similar, and both scored higher than the other groups.  FM‐GID  persons were considered less feminine than both controls in the  GF  scale of  MMPI ‐2, but not in the  BSRI . In both scales,  FM‐GID  persons had higher scores than control women and  MF‐GID  individuals.    Conclusion  Iranian  FM‐GID  individuals were less feminine than normal men. However,  MF‐GID  individuals were similar to normal women or more feminine. Cultural considerations remain to be investigated.  Alavi K, Eftekhar M and Jalali Nadoushan AH. Comparison of masculine and feminine gender roles in Iranian patients with gender identity disorder. Sex Med 2015;3:261–268.

Comparison of Masculine and Feminine Gender Roles in I ranian Patients with Gender Identity Disorder