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Purpose  To develop a cardiac T 1  mapping method for free‐breathing 3D T 1  mapping of the whole heart at 3 T with transmit B 1  (   B  1  +   ) correction.    Methods  A free‐breathing, electrocardiogram‐gated inversion‐recovery sequence with spoiled gradient‐echo readout was developed and optimized for cardiac T 1  mapping at 3 T. High‐frame‐rate dynamic images were reconstructed from sparse (k,t)‐space data acquired along a stack‐of‐stars trajectory using a subspace‐based method for accelerated imaging. Joint T 1  and flip‐angle estimation was performed in T 1  mapping to improve its robustness to    B  1  +    inhomogeneity. Subject‐specific timing of data acquisition was used in the estimation to account for natural heart‐rate variations during the imaging experiment.    Results  Simulations showed that accuracy and precision of T 1  mapping can be improved with joint T 1  and flip‐angle estimation and optimized electrocardiogram‐gated spoiled gradient echo–based inversion‐recovery acquisition scheme. The phantom study showed good agreement between the T 1  maps from the proposed method and the reference method. Three‐dimensional cardiac T 1  maps (40 slices) were obtained at a 1.9‐mm in‐plane and 4.5‐mm through‐plane spatial resolution from healthy subjects (n = 6) with an average imaging time of 14.2 ± 1.6 minutes (heartbeat rate: 64.2 ± 7.1 bpm), showing myocardial T 1  values comparable to those obtained from modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery. The proposed method generated    B  1  +    maps with spatially smooth variation showing 21%–32% and 11%–15% variations across the septal–lateral and inferior–anterior regions of the myocardium in the left ventricle.    Conclusion  The proposed method allows free‐breathing 3D T 1  mapping of the whole heart with transmit B 1  correction in a practical imaging time.

Free‐breathing 3D cardiac T 1 mapping with transmit B 1 correction at 3T