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53 In this study we present the collation and analysis of the gridded land-based dataset of indices 54 of temperature and precipitation extremes: HadEX2. Indices were calculated based on station 55 data using a consistent approach recommended by the WMO Expert Team on Climate 56 Change Detection and Indices, resulting in the production of 17 temperature and 12 57 precipitation indices derived from daily maximum and minimum temperature and 58 precipitation observations. High quality in situ observations from over 6000 temperature and 59 11000 precipitation meteorological stations across the globe were obtained to calculate the 60 indices over the period of record available for each station. Monthly and annual indices were 61 then interpolated onto a 3.75° x 2.5° longitude-latitude grid over the period 1901–2010. 62 Linear trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. 63 Overall there was very good agreement with the previous HadEX dataset during the 64 overlapping data period. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature 65 extremes consistent with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum 66 temperature over the whole 110 years of record but with stronger trends in more recent 67 decades. Seasonal results showed significant warming in all seasons but more so in the colder 68 months. Precipitation indices also showed widespread and significant trends, but the changes 69 were much more spatially heterogeneous compared with temperature changes. However, 70 results indicated more areas with significant increasing trends in extreme precipitation 71 amounts, intensity and frequency than areas with decreasing trends. 72 73

Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: The HadEX2 dataset