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A striking feature of the nervous system pertains to the appearance of different neural cell subtypes at different axial levels. Studies in the  Drosophila  central nervous system reveal that one mechanism underlying such segmental differences pertains to the segment‐specific removal of cells by programmed cell death (PCD). One group of genes involved in segment‐specific PCD is the Hox homeotic genes. However, while segment‐specific PCD is highly precise, Hox gene expression is evident in gradients, raising the issue of how the Hox gene function is precisely gated to trigger PCD in specific segments at the outer limits of Hox expression. The  Drosophila  Va neurons are initially generated in all nerve cord segments but removed by PCD in posterior segments. Va PCD is triggered by the posteriorly expressed Hox gene  Abdominal‐B  ( Abd‐B ). However, Va PCD is highly reproducible despite exceedingly weak Abd‐B expression in the anterior frontiers of its expression. Here, we found that the transcriptional cofactor Dachshund supports Abd‐B‐mediated PCD in its anterior domain. In vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis lends support to the idea that the Dachshund/Abd‐B interplay may involve physical interactions. These findings provide an example of how combinatorial codes of transcription factors ensure precision in Hox‐mediated PCD in specific segments at the outer limits of Hox expression.

Dachshund acts with Abdominal‐B to trigger programmed cell death in the Drosophila central nervous system at the frontiers of Abd‐B expression