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Galaxy redshift surveys using optical telescopes have, in combination withother cosmological probes, enabled precision measurements of the nature of darkenergy. We show that radio telescopes are rapidly becoming competitive withoptical facilities in spectroscopic surveys of large numbers of galaxies. Twobreakthroughs are driving this change. Firstly, individual radio telescopes aremore efficient at mapping the sky thanks to the large field-of-view of newphased-array feeds. Secondly, ever more dishes can be correlated in acost-effective manner with rapid increases in computing power. The next decadewill see the coming of age of the 21cm radio wavelength as a cosmological probeas first the Pathfinders then, ultimately, the Square Kilometre Array isconstructed. The latter will determine precise 3D positions for a billiongalaxies, mapping the distribution of matter in the Universe over the last 12billion years. This radio telescope will be able to constrain the equation ofstate of dark energy, and its potential evolution, to a precision rivallingthat of future optical facilities such as DESI and Euclid.

Probing the nature of dark energy through galaxy redshift surveys with radio telescopes