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The smaller the size of a light-emitting microcavity, the more important itbecomes to understand the effects of the cavity boundary on the optical modeprofile. Conventional methods of laser physics, such as the paraxialapproximation, become inapplicable in many of the more exotic cavity designs tobe discussed here. Cavities in the shape of microdisks, pillars and rings canyield low lasing thresholds in a wide variety of gain media: quantum wells,wires and even dots, as well as quantum cascade superlattices and GaN. Anoverview of the experimental and theoretical status is provided, with specialemphasis on the light extraction problem.

Optical Feedback and the Coupling Problem in Semiconductor Microdisk Lasers