English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Simulations of excavations of tunnels can be performed by means of a coupling strategy using the boundaryelement-method (BEM) and the finite-element-method (FEM). The BEM is employed for the discretization of the far-field of the tunnel, whereas the FEM is used for the interior of the tunnel and its vicinity. This strategy is based on the assumption that the influence of material non-linearities in the far-field can be neglected. The coefficient matrices of the resulting systems of linear, algebraic equations consist of a symmetric, banded, sparse part resulting from the FE subdomain and an unsymmetric, fully populated part obtained from the BE subdomain. Substantial reductions of the CPU time and the disk space required for the solution of the systems of linear, algebraic equations can be achieved by employing iterative solvers with preconditioning and using the computer hardware intelligently. In this paper, two strategies based on such solvers are proposed and explained in detail. The convergence behaviour of the implemented iterative solvers with regards to pure BE calculations is studied by means of solving selected numerical examples. The advantages of the two proposed methods relative to the original, direct solution strategy are demonstrated on the basis of coupled simulations. Additionally, some comments concerning the use of iterative solvers on a vector computer are given. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Iterative strategies for solving systems of linear, algebraic equations arising in 3D BE-FE analyses of tunnel drivings