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This paper presents a software simulator applicable to narrowband land mobile satellite channels, in urban environments. The simulator is based on a two-state model, and several statistical models, for the characterization of di!erent environments. A core procedure of the simulator is a Rayleigh multipath module that conforms to the channel characteristics imposed by the use of non-geostationary satellites, incorporating the Doppler shift introduced to the received signal. The underlying three-dimensional multipath scattering model addresses the movement of satellites with respect to the scatterers and the mobile receiver. A method for producing complex Rayleigh processes, shaped in spectrum is also presented. A full description of the tool is given, and case study results are presented. A tool validation section is quoted, and the last section of the paper is devoted to the comparison of "rstand second-order statistics as extracted by measured data and simulation runs.

A narrowband land mobile satellite channel software simulator for urban environments