Definition, Incidence, and Challenges for Assessment of Hyperprogressive Disease During Cancer Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Key Points Question What are the definition, incidence, and challenges associated with the current assessment of hyperprogressive disease among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 studies including 3109 patients, the definition of hyperprogressive disease varied across studies and was divided into 4 categories: tumor growth rate ratio, tumor growth kinetics ratio, early tumor burden increase, and combinations of these categories. The incidence of hyperprogressive disease varied from 6% to 43%. Meaning Varying definitions and incidences of hyperprogressive disease indicate the need for establishing uniform and clinically relevant criteria based on currently available evidence.