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Nearly 15 years ago, a set of qualitative spatial relations between orientedstraight line segments (dipoles) was suggested by Schlieder. This work receivedsubstantial interest amongst the qualitative spatial reasoning community.However, it turned out to be difficult to establish a sound constraint calculusbased on these relations. In this paper, we present the results of a newinvestigation into dipole constraint calculi which uses algebraic methods toderive sound results on the composition of relations and other properties ofdipole calculi. Our results are based on a condensed semantics of the dipolerelations.  In contrast to the points that are normally used, dipoles are extended andhave an intrinsic direction. Both features are important properties of naturalobjects. This allows for a straightforward representation of prototypicalreasoning tasks for spatial agents. As an example, we show how to generatesurvey knowledge from local observations in a street network. The exampleillustrates the fast constraint-based reasoning capabilities of the dipolecalculus. We integrate our results into two reasoning tools which are publiclyavailable.

Oriented Straight Line Segment Algebra: Qualitative Spatial Reasoning about Oriented Objects