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The main challenges of cognitive radio include spectrum sensing at thephysical (PHY) layer to detect the activity of primary users and spectrumsharing at the medium access control (MAC) layer to coordinate access amongcoexisting secondary users. In this paper, we consider a cognitive radionetwork in which a primary user shares a channel with secondary users thatcannot distinguish the signals of the primary user from those of a secondaryuser. We propose a class of distributed cognitive MAC protocols to achieveefficient spectrum sharing among the secondary users while protecting theprimary user from potential interference by the secondary users. By using a MACprotocol with one-slot memory, we can obtain high channel utilization by thesecondary users while limiting interference to the primary user at a low level.The results of this paper suggest the possibility of utilizing MAC design incognitive radio networks to overcome limitations in spectrum sensing at the PHYlayer as well as to achieve spectrum sharing at the MAC layer.

Cognitive MAC Protocols Using Memory for Distributed Spectrum Sharing Under Limited Spectrum Sensing