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Diffuse gamma-ray emission arising from interactions of cosmic rays with theinterstellar gas traces the densities of both of them throughout the Milky Way.We discuss the results obtained from the analysis of Fermi LAT observations inthe region of Cassiopeia and Cepheus, towards the Perseus spiral arm. We findthat the gamma-ray emissivity of local gas is consistent with expectationsbased on the cosmic-ray spectra measured at the Earth. The emissivity decreasesfrom the Gould Belt to the Perseus arm, but the measured gradient is flatterthan predictions by a propagation model based on a cosmic-ray sourcedistribution peaking in the inner Galaxy as suggested by pulsars. TheXco=N(H2)/W(CO) conversion factor moderately increases by a factor ~2 from theGould Belt to the Perseus arm. The presence of additional gas not properlytraced by HI and CO surveys in the Gould Belt is suggested by the correlationbetween gamma rays and thermal emission from cold interstellar dust.

The cosmic-ray puzzle and the census of the interstellar medium: the Fermi LAT view of Cassiopeia, Cepheus and the Perseus arm