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Les travaux pr\'esent\'es dans ce m\'emoire portent sur la dynamique dediff\'eomorphismes de vari\'et\'es compactes. Pour l'\'etude des propri\'et\'esg\'en\'eriques ou pour la construction d'exemples, il est souvent utile desavoir perturber un syst\`eme. Ceci soul\`eve g\'en\'eralement des probl\`emesd\'elicats : une modification locale de la dynamique peut engendrer unchangement brutal du comportement des orbites. En topologie C^1, nous proposonsdiverses techniques permettant de perturber tout en contr\^olant la dynamique :mise en transversalit\'e, connexion d'orbites, perturbation de la dynamiquetangente, r\'ealisation d'extensions... Nous en tirons diverses applications\`a la description de la dynamique des diff\'eomorphismes C^1-g\'en\'eriques.<p> This memoir deals with the dynamics of diffeomorphisms of compactmanifolds. For the study of generic properties or for the construction ofexamples, it is often useful to be able to perturb a system. This generallyleads to delicate problems: a local modification of the dynamic may cause aradical change in the behavior of the orbits. For the C^1 topology, we proposevarious techniques which allow to perturb while controlling the dynamic:setting in transversal position, connection of orbits, perturbation of thetangent dynamics,... We derive various applications to the description of theC^1-generic diffeomorphisms.

Perturbation de la dynamique de diff\'eomorphismes en topologie C^1 / Perturbation of the dynamics of diffeomorphisms in the C^1-topology