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We have observed a quadratic x-ray magneto-optical effect in near-normalincidence reflection at the M-edges of iron. The effect appears as themagnetically induced rotation of ca. 0.1$ degrees of the polarization plane oflinearly polarized x-ray radiation upon reflection. A comparison of themeasured rotation spectrum with results from x-ray magnetic linear dichroismdata demonstrates that this is the first observation of the Schaefer-Huberteffect in the x-ray regime. Ab initio density-functional theory calculationsreveal that hybridization effects of the 3p core states necessarely need to beconsidered when interpreting experimental data. The discovered magneto-x-rayeffect holds promise for future ultrafast and element-selective studies offerromagnetic as well as antiferromagnetic materials.

Quadratic X-ray magneto-optical effect in reflection at the M-edges of 3d transition metals