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The hydrogen-based route could be a valuable way to produce steel consideringits low carbon dioxide emissions. In ULCOS, it is regarded as a long-termoption, largely dependent on the emergence of a hydrogen economy. To anticipateits possible development, it was decided to check the feasibility of using 100%H2 in a Direct Reduction shaft furnace and to determine the best operatingconditions, through appropriate experimental and modelling work. We developedfrom scratch a new model, called REDUCTOR, for simulating this process andpredicting its performance. This sophisticated numerical model is based on themathematical description of the detailed physical, chemical and thermalphenomena occurring. In particular, kinetics were derived from experi-ments.The current version is suited to the reduction with pure hydrogen, but anextension of the model to CO is planned so that it will also be adapted to thesimulation and optimisation of the current DR processes. First re-sults haveconfirmed that the reduction with hydrogen is much faster than that with CO,making it possible to design a hydrogen-operated shaft reactor quite smallerthan current MIDREX and HYL.

Modelling a DR shaft operated with pure hydrogen using a physical-chemical and CFD approach