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Using data from co-authorships at the international level in all fields ofscience in 1990 and 2000, and within six case studies at the sub-field level in2000, different explanations for the growth of international collaboration inscience and technology are explored. We find that few of the explanationswithin the literature can be supported by a detailed review of the data. Toenable further exploration of the role of recognition and rewards as orderingmechanisms within the system, we apply new tools emerging from network science.These enquiries shows that the growth of international co-authorships can beattributed to self-organizing phenomenon based on preferential attachment(searching for recognition and reward) within networks of co-authors. Theco-authorship links can be considered as a complex network with sub-dynamicsinvolving features of both competition and cooperation. The analysis suggeststhat the growth of international collaboration is more likely to emerge fromdynamics at the sub-field level operating in all fields of science, albeitunder institutional constraints. Implications for the management of globalscientific collaborations are explored.

Network Structure, Self-Organization and the Growth of International Collaboration in Science