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We present theoretical and experimental data on the threshold behaviour ofnanodot creation with swift heavy ions. A model calculation based on atwo-temperature model taking the spatially resolved electron density intoaccount gives a threshold of 12 keV/nm below which the energy density at theend of the track is no longer high enough to melt the material. In thecorresponding experiments we irradiated SrTiO$_3$ surfaces under grazingincidence with swift heavy ions. The resulting chains of nanodots were analyzedby atomic force microscopy. In addition, samples irradiated under normalincidence were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Both experimentsshow two thresholds, connected to the appearance of tracks and to the creationof fully developed tracks, respectively. The threshold values are similar forsurface and bulk tracks, suggesting that the same processes occur at glancingand normal incidence. The experimental threshold for the formation of fullydeveloped tracks compares well to the value obtained by the theoreticaldescription.

Energy threshold for nanodot creation by swift heavy ions