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Social order cannot be considered as a stable phenomenon because it containsan order of reproduced expectations. When the expectations operate upon oneanother, they generate a non-linear dynamics that processes meaning. Specificmeaning can be stabilized, for example, in social institutions, but all meaningarises from a horizon of possible meanings. Using Luhmann's (1984) socialsystems theory and Rosen's (1985) theory of anticipatory systems, I submitequations for modeling the processing of meaning in inter-human communication.First, a self-referential system can use a model of itself for theanticipation. Under the condition of functional differentiation, the socialsystem can be expected to entertain a set of models; each model can alsocontain a model of the other models. Two anticipatory mechanisms are thenpossible: one transversal between the models, and a longitudinal one providingthe modeled systems with meaning from the perspective of hindsight. A systemcontaining two anticipatory mechanisms can become hyper-incursive. Withoutmaking decisions, however, a hyper-incursive system would be overloaded withuncertainty. Under this pressure, informed decisions tend to replace the"natural preferences" of agents and an order of cultural expectations canincreasingly be shaped.

The Non-linear Dynamics of Meaning-Processing in Social Systems