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The free energy between a static quark and an antiquark is studied by usingthe color-singlet Polyakov-line correlation at finite temperature. We performsimulations on $32^3 \times 12$, 10, 8, 6, 4 lattices in the high temperaturephase with the RG-improved gluon action and 2+1 flavors of the clover-improvedWilson quark action. Since the simulations are based on the fixed scaleapproach that the temperature can be varied without changing the spatial volumeand renormalization factor, it is possible to investigate temperaturedependence of the heavy-quark free energy without any adjustment of the overallconstant. We find that, the heavy-quark free energies at short distanceconverge to the heavy-quark potential evaluated from the Wilson-loop operatorat zero temperature, in accordance with the expected insensitivity of shortdistance physics to the temperature. At long distance, the heavy-quark freeenergies approach to twice the single-quark free energies, implying that theinteraction between heavy quarks is screened. The Debye screening mass obtainedfrom the long range behavior of the heavy-quark free energy is compared withresults of the thermal perturbation theory and those of $N_f=2$ and $N_f=0$lattice simulations.

Heavy-quark free energy at finite temperature with 2+1 flavors of improved Wilson quarks in fixed scale approach