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Experimental two-phase invasion percolation flow patterns were observed inhydrophobic micro-porous networks designed to model fuel cell specific porousmedia. In order to mimic the operational conditions encountered in the porouselectrodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), micro-porousnetworks were fabricated with corresponding microchannel size distributions.The inlet channels were invaded homogeneously with flow rates corresponding tofuel cell current densities of 1.0 to 0.1 A/cm2 (Ca 10e-7-10e-8). A variety offractal breakthrough patterns were observed and analyzed to quantify floodingdensity and geometrical diversity in terms of the total saturation, St, localsaturations, s, and fractal dimension, D. It was found that St increasesmonotonically during the invasion process until the breakthrough point isreached, and s profiles indicate the dynamic distribution of the liquid phaseduring the process. Fractal analysis confirmed that the experiments fall withinthe flow regime of invasion percolation with trapping. In this work, we proposeto correlate the fractal dimension, D, to the total saturation and use this mapas a parameter for modeling liquid water transport in the GDL.

Fractal flow patterns in hydrophobic microfluidic pore networks: experimental modeling of two-phase flow in porous electrodes