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There continues to be widespread interest in 1/f^(alpha) behavior in baselinepower spectral densities (PSD's) but its origins remain controversial.Zwanzig-Mori projection operators provide a rigorous, common starting place forbuilding a theory of PSD's from the bottom up. In this approach, one separatesout explicit "system" degrees of freedom (which are experimentally monitored)from all other implicit or "bath" degrees of freedom, and then one "projects"or integrates out all the implicit degrees of freedom. The result is thegeneralized Langevin equation. Within this formalism, the system PSD has asimple relation to the bath PSD. We explore how several models of the bath PSDaffect the system PSD. We suggest that analyzing the baseline can yieldvaluable information on the bath. The Debye model of acoustic bath oscillationsin particular gives rise to a low frequency 1/f divergence. Other power lawbehaviors are possible with other models. None of these models requireself-organized criticality.

A general approach for analyzing baseline power spectral densities: Zwanzig-Mori projection operators and the generalized Langevin equation