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This thesis work analyzes basic field theoretical aspects of a class ofmodels motivated by orientifold vacua of string theory and some of theirphenomenological applications at the Large Hadron Collider. They extend thegauge structure of the Standard Model by anomalous extra U(1) symmetries, whichinvolve Stuckelberg axions for anomaly cancellation and are accompanied byChern-Simons interactions. In particular, these effective actions arecharacterized by a physical pseudoscalar (the axi-Higgs) in the CP-oddspectrum, which has the properties of a generalized Peccei-Quinn axion, withindependent mass and couplings to the gauge fields. Amplitudes mediated byanomalous gauge interactions are studied at the new collider in some specificchannels such as Drell-Yan and double prompt-photon and shown to be small.Finally, we address the problem of the relation between the Green-Schwarz andthe Wess-Zumino mechanism(s) for anomaly cancellations in effective lagrangeansinvolving anomalous gauge interactions, with their gauge symmetry restoredeither with local or non-local counterterms and identify some unitarity boundsin the Wess-Zumino case. These are due to the presence of anomaly poles inscattering amplitudes mediated by the anomaly (BIM amplitudes) and whosecancellation requires necessarly non-local counterterms. While the axi-Higgsappears in the Wess-Zumino case, two axion-like particles are needed for thecancellation of the gauge anomalies at all scales, one of them being a ghost.

Stueckelberg Axions and Anomalous Abelian Extensions of the Standard Model