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The effect of doping in the two-dimensional Hubbard model is studied withinfinite temperature exact diagonalization combined with cluster dynamical meanfield theory. By employing a mixed basis involving cluster sites and bathmolecular orbitals for the projection of the lattice Green's function onto 2x2clusters, a considerably more accurate description of the low frequencyproperties of the self-energy is achieved than in a pure site picture. Thetransition from Fermi-liquid to non-Fermi-liquid behavior for decreasing holedoping is studied as a function of Coulomb energy, next-nearest neighborhopping, and temperature. In particular, the self-energy component Sigma_Xassociated with X=(pi,0) is shown to exhibit an onset of non-Fermi-liquidbehavior as the hole doping decreases below a critical value delta_c. Theimaginary part of Sigma_X(omega) then develops a collective mode above E_F,which exhibits a distinct dispersion with doping. Accordingly, the real part ofSigma_X(omega) has a positive slope above E_F, giving rise to an increasingparticle-hole asymmetry as the system approaches the Mott transition. Thisbehavior is consistent with the removal of spectral weight from electron statesclose to E_F and the opening of a pseudogap which increases with decreasingdoping. The phase diagram reveals that delta_c = 0.15 ... 0.20 for varioussystem parameters. For electron doping, the collective mode of Sigma_X(omega)and the concomitant pseudogap are located below the Fermi energy which isconsistent the removal of spectral weight from hole states just below E_F. Thecritical doping which marks the onset of non-Fermi-liquid behavior, issystematically smaller than for hole doping.

Pseudogap, non-Fermi-liquid behavior, and particle-hole asymmetry in the 2D Hubbard model