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We report on new LEED, STM and ARPES studies of alkali/Si(111) previouslyestablished as having a Mott insulating ground state at surface. Theobservation of a strong temperature dependent Franck-Condon broadening of thesurface band together with the novel$\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\to2(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})$ charge and latticeordering below 270 K evidence a surface charge density wave (SCDW) in thestrong e-ph coupling limit ($g\approx8$). Both the adiabatic ratio$\hbar\omega_0/t\approx0.8$ and the effective pairing energy$V_{eff}=U-2g\hbar\omega_0\approx-800$ $meV$ are consistent with the possibleformation of a bi-polaronic insulating phase consisting of alternatingdoubly-occupied/unoccupied dangling bonds as expected in the Holstein-Hubbardmodel.

Surface state bi-polarons formation on a triangular lattice in the sp-type alkali/Si(111) Mott insulator