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Electron systems that possess light-like dispersion relations or the conicalDirac spectrum, such as graphene and bismuth, have recently been shown toharbor unusual collective states in high magnetic fields. Such states arepossible because their light-like electrons come in spin pairs that arechiral,which means that their direction of propagation is tied to a quantitycalled pseudospin that describes their location in the crystal lattice. Anemerging direction in quantum materials research is the manipulation of atomicspin-orbit coupling to simulate the effect of a spin dependent magneticfield,in attempt to realize novel spin phases of matter. This effect has beenproposed to realize systems consisting of unpaired Dirac cones that arehelical, meaning their direction of propagation is tied to the electron spinitself, which are forbidden to exist in graphene or bismuth. The experimentalexistence of topological order can not be determined without spin-resolvedmeasurements. Here we report a spin-and angle-resolved photoemission study ofthe hexagonal surface of the Bi2Te3 and Bi{2-x}MnxTe3 series, which is found toexhibit a single helical Dirac cone that is fully spin-polarized. Ourobservations of a gap in the bulk spin-degenerate band and a spin-resolvedsurface Dirac node close to the chemical potential show that the low energydynamics of Bi2Te3 is dominated by the unpaired spin-helical Dirac modes. Ourspin-texture measurements prove the existence of a rare topological phase inthis materials class for the first time, and suggest its suitability for novel2D Dirac spin device applications beyond the chiral variety or traditionalgraphene.

First observation of spin-helical Dirac fermions and topological phases in undoped and doped Bi2Te3 demonstrated by spin-ARPES spectroscopy