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In order to study the mechanical behaviour of polar ice masses, the method ofcontinuum mechanics is used. The newly developed CAFFE model(Continuum-mechanical, Anisotropic Flow model, based on an anisotropic FlowEnhancement factor) is described, which comprises an anisotropic flow law aswell as a fabric evolution equation. The flow law is an extension of theisotropic Glen's flow law, in which anisotropy enters via an enhancement factorthat depends on the deformability of the polycrystal. The fabric evolutionequation results from an orientational mass balance and includes constitutiverelations for grain rotation and recrystallization. The CAFFE model fulfillsall the fundamental principles of classical continuum mechanics, issufficiently simple to allow numerical implementations in ice-flow models andcontains only a limited number of free parameters. The applicability of theCAFFE model is demonstrated by a case study for the site of the EPICA (EuropeanProject for Ice Coring in Antarctica) ice core in Dronning Maud Land, EastAntarctica.

A continuum-mechanical model for the flow of anisotropic polar ice