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A moderate investment of observing time with the International X-rayObservatory to study high-redshift galaxy clusters detected in futurelarge-scale surveys, will provide cosmological measurements of fundamentalimportance. IXO observations, combined with lensing follow-up, will measure theperturbation growth factor from z=0-2 with an accuracy comparable to, orpossibly better than, that expected from observations of cosmic shear withJDEM, and redshift-space distortions with EUCLID. The growth of structure dataderived from clusters will significantly improve our knowledge of the darkenergy equation of state and will aid in constraining non-GR models for cosmicacceleration. IXO observations of the largest, dynamically relaxed clusterswill provide a powerful, independent measurement of the cosmological expansionhistory using the apparent f_gas(z) trend. Systematic and statistical errorsfrom this technique are competitive with SNIa and BAO studies, making the testextremely useful for improving the accuracy and reliability of the geometriccosmological measurements planned for LSST and JDEM. Only by employing a rangeof powerful, independent approaches, including those discussed here, can robustanswers to puzzles as profound as the origin of cosmic acceleration beexpected.

Cosmological Studies With A Large-Area X-ray Telescope