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In this paper we denonstrate that the use of the system of 2-adic numbersprovides a new insight to some problems of genetics, in particular, generacy ofthe genetic code and the structure of the PAM matrix in bioinformatics. The2-adic distance is an ultrametric and applications of ultrametrics inbioinformatics are not surprising. However, by using the 2-adic numbers wematch ultrametric with a number theoretic structure. In this way we find newapplications of an ultrametric which differ from known up to now inbioinformatics.  We obtain the following results. We show that the PAM matrix A allows theexpansion into the sum of the two matrices A=A^{(2)}+A^{(\infty)}, where thematrix A^{(2)} is 2-adically regular (i.e. matrix elements of this matrix areclose to locally constant with respect to the discussed earlier by the authors2-adic parametrization of the genetic code), and the matrix A^{(\infty)} issparse. We discuss the structure of the matrix A^{(\infty)} in relation to theside chain properties of the corresponding amino acids.

p-Adic numbers in bioinformatics: from genetic code to PAM-matrix