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Great strides have been made in the last two decades in determining howgalaxies evolve from their initial dark matter seeds to the complex structureswe observe at z=0. The role of mergers has been documented through bothobservations and simulations, numerous satellites that may represent theseinitial dark matter seeds have been discovered in the Local Group, highredshift galaxies have been revealed with monstrous star formation rates, andthe gaseous cosmic web has been mapped through absorption line experiments.Despite these efforts, the dark matter simulations that include baryons arestill unable to accurately reproduce galaxies. One of the major problems is ourincomplete understanding of how a galaxy accretes its baryons and subsequentlyforms stars. Galaxy formation simulations have been unable to accuratelyrepresent the required gas physics on cosmological timescales, and observationshave only just begun to detect the star formation fuel over a range ofredshifts and environments. How galaxies obtain gas and subsequently form starsis a major unsolved, yet tractable problem in contemporary extragalacticastrophysics. In this paper we outline how progress can be made in this area inthe next decade.

How do Galaxies Accrete Gas and Form Stars?