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The new spectroscopic classes, L and T, are defined by the role of dustclouds in their atmospheres, the former by their presence and the latter bytheir removal and near absence. Moreover, the M to L and L to T transitions areintimately tied to the condensation and character of silicate and iron grains,and the associated clouds play pivotal roles in the colors and spectra of suchbrown dwarfs. Spanning the effective temperature range from $\sim$2200 K to$\sim$600 K, these objects are being found in abundance and are a new arena inwhich condensation chemistry and the optical properties of grains is assumingastronomical importance. In this short paper, I summarize the role played bysuch refractories in determining the properties of these "stars" and thecomplexities of their theoretical treatment.

The Role of Dust Clouds in the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs