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In this work we have studied the research activity for countries of Europe,Latin America and Africa for all sciences between 1945 and November 2008. Allthe data are captured from the Web of Science database during this period. Theanalysis of the experimental data shows that, within a nonextensivethermostatistical formalism, the Tsallis \emph{q}-exponential distribution$N(c)$ satisfactorily describes Institute of Scientific Information citations.The data which are examined in the present survey can be fitted successfully asa first approach by applying a {\it single} curve (namely, $N(c) \propto1/[1+(q-1) c/T]^{\frac{1}{q-1}}$ with $q\simeq 4/3$ for {\it all} the availablecitations $c$, $T$ being an "effective temperature". The present analysisultimately suggests that the phenomenon might essentially be {\it one and thesame} along the {\it entire} range of the citation number. Finally, thismanuscript provides a new ranking index, via the "effective temperature" $T$,for the impact level of the research activity in these countries, taking intoaccount the number of the publications and their citations.

Tsallis $q$-exponential describes the distribution of scientific citations - A new characterization of the impact