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Shear flows have been prescribed in numerical models of coronal massejections and flares for decades as a way of energizing magnetic fields toerupt. While such shear flows have long been observed in the solar atmosphere,until recently, there was no compelling physical explanation for them. Thispaper will discuss the discovery that such shear flows are readily explained asa response to the Lorentz force that naturally occurs as bipolar magneticfields emerge and expand in a gravitationally stratified atmosphere. It will beshown that shearing motions transport axial flux, and magnetic energy from thesubmerged portion of the field to the expanding portion, strongly coupling thesolar interior to the corona. This physical process explains active regionshear flows and why the magnetic field is found to be nearly parallel tophotospheric polarity inversion lines where prominences form. Finally, shearflows driven by the Lorentz force are shown to produce a loss of equilibriumand eruption in magnetic arcades and flux ropes offering a convincingexplanation for CMEs and flares.

Shear Flows Driven by the Lorentz Force: An Energy Source for Coronal Mass Ejections and Flares