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Using special capacitors our experiments discovered that the ground state K,Rb or Cs atom is polar atom with a large permanent electric dipole moment (EDM)of the order of eao (ao is Bohr radius) as excited state of hydrogen atom. Butwe can not calculate the EDM of an atom using Boltzmann constant. The mechanismof polar atoms by which orientation polarization arises completely differs frompolar molecules. The orientation polarization of polar molecule, such as HCl orH2O etc, is a molecule as a whole turned toward the direction of an externalfield. Unlike polar molecules, the orientation polarization of polar atom, suchas K, Rb or Cs atom, is only the valence electron in the outermost shell, alonga highly elliptical orbit, turned toward the direction of the field, but therest of the atom does not move! The article derived the new form of Boltzmannconstant. When it was applied to orientation polarization of polar atoms, itsvalue k is far less than 1.38*10-23 J/K(for example, k=7.14*10-29 J/K for Csatom) . When it was applied to any molecule, non-polar atom or translation andvibration of polar atom, its value k=1.38*10-23J/K. The reason is that thenucleus moves together with the rest of the molecule or atom. (seearXiv:0809.4767; arXiv:0810.0770; arXiv:0810.2026)

New form of the Boltzmann constant from search for a permanent electric dipole moment of K, Rb or Cs atom