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We propose, in this paper, both a presentation and a discussion of PaulAlsberg's thesis on the supposed specificity principle of human evolution. Theauthor maintains a difference of nature between Man and Animal relying on anopposition between "body-adaptation" - that of the Animal - and"extrabodily-adaptation" - that of Man in which the means of adaptation areswitched outside of the organisms by tool-using. This difference is not a meredifference of state, but of evolutionary dynamics. Here, Man is not simply"Homo faber", as in Bergson's view, but produced and made possible bytechnique; a technique which then appears as an hominisation factor. Thus, his"principle of body-liberation" by tool-using is to be retrospectivelyunderstood as a part of the logics of the modification of selection pressurelogics, which reminds us the seminal contemporary niche construction theory (F.John Odling-Smee). It seems therefore possible to make Paul Alsberg, from his1922 work, one of the most important precursors of the cultural nicheconstruction theory.

Paul Alsberg (1883-1965) et le transfert adaptatif du biologique au technique : un pr\'ecurseur de la "cultural niche construction" ?