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Transmission over wireless fading channels under quality of service (QoS)constraints is studied when only the receiver has channel side information.Being unaware of the channel conditions, transmitter is assumed to send theinformation at a fixed rate. Under these assumptions, a two-state (ON-OFF)transmission model is adopted, where information is transmitted reliably at afixed rate in the ON state while no reliable transmission occurs in the OFFstate. QoS limitations are imposed as constraints on buffer violationprobabilities, and effective capacity formulation is used to identify themaximum throughput that a wireless channel can sustain while satisfyingstatistical QoS constraints. Energy efficiency is investigated by obtaining thebit energy required at zero spectral efficiency and the wideband slope in bothwideband and low-power regimes assuming that the receiver has perfect channelside information (CSI). In both wideband and low-power regimes, the increasedenergy requirements due to the presence of QoS constraints are quantified.Comparisons with variable-rate/fixed-power and variable-rate/variable-powercases are given. Energy efficiency is further analyzed in the presence ofchannel uncertainties. The optimal fraction of power allocated to training isidentified under QoS constraints. It is proven that the minimum bit energy inthe low-power regime is attained at a certain nonzero power level below whichbit energy increases without bound with vanishing power.

The Impact of QoS Constraints on the Energy Efficiency of Fixed-Rate Wireless Transmissions