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[abridged] Background: The distribution of chemical species in an open systemat metastable equilibrium can be expressed as a function of environmentalvariables which can include temperature, oxidation-reduction potential andothers. Calculations of metastable equilibrium for various model systems wereused to characterize chemical transformations among proteins and groups ofproteins found in different compartments of yeast cells.  Results: With increasing oxygen fugacity, the relative metastability fieldsof model proteins for major subcellular compartments go as mitochondrion,endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, nucleus. In a metastable equilibrium settingat relatively high oxygen fugacity, proteins making up actin are predominant,but those constituting the microtubule occur with a low chemical activity. Areaction sequence involving the microtubule and spindle pole proteins waspredicted by combining the known intercompartmental interactions with ahypothetical program of oxygen fugacity changes in the local environment. Infurther calculations, the most-abundant proteins within compartments generallyoccur in relative abundances that only weakly correspond to a metastableequilibrium distribution. However, physiological populations of proteins thatform complexes often show an overall positive or negative correlation with therelative abundances of proteins in metastable assemblages.  Conclusions: This study explored the outlines of a thermodynamic descriptionof chemical transformations among interacting proteins in yeast cells. Theresults suggest that these methods can be used to measure the degree ofdeparture of a natural biochemical process or population from a local minimumin Gibbs energy.

Calculation of the relative metastabilities of proteins in subcellular compartments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae