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We report on the PACS-CS project focusing on a direct simulation of 2+1flavor QCD on the physical point and chiral analysis of meson and baryon massesoff the physical point with both the SU(2) and SU(3) chiral perturbationtheories. Configurations are generated with the O(a)-improved Wilson quarkaction and the Iwasaki gauge action. The up-down quark is simulated byemploying the DDHMC algorithm with several improvements and the UV-filteredPHMC algorithm is implemented for the strange quark. We investigate theconvergence behaviors of the SU(2) and SU(3) chiral expansions up to NLO forthe pseudoscalar meson sector, where the up-down quark mass ranges from 3 MeVto 24 MeV and the strange quark mass is chosen around the physical value. Thefit results for the low energy constants are compared with those recentlyobtained by other groups. We also discuss the importance of the directsimulation at the physical point by comparing the physical quantities measuredon the physical point with those estimated by the extrapolation method.

PACS-CS results for 2+1 flavor lattice QCD simulation on and off the physical point