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The heat capacity (C) of a mesoscopic nonsuperconducting fermion systemtreated as a canonical ensemble of independent particles is studied in a widerange of particle numbers and temperatures which vary from values close to zeroup to the Fermi energy. The temperature evolution of C is naturally dividedinto four stages. On the first one the heat capacity exponentially increaseswith temperature and at a resonance temperature reaches either a local maximumor an irregularity in its growth. This resonance temperature being measured cangive information concerning the level spacings in the immediate proximity ofthe Fermi energy. On the second stage the progressive suppression of the leveldensity oscillations takes place. During this stage oscillations of C v.s.particle number N can be distinctly observed. These oscillations give theN-variations of the temperature averaged level density. The growth of C on thethird stage of the evolution is governed by the T-linear law if the particlenumber is large enough (N>1000). It is found that the Sommerfeld factor in thelinear law for such small systems shows more complicated N-dependence ascompared with large systems where C is strictly proportional to N. Fortemperatures tending to the Fermi energy the deviations from the T-linearityare evident and at T larger than the Fermi energy (the fourth stage of theevolution) any system attains to the classic Boltzmann-Maxwell limitirrespective of the particle

The canonical heat capacity of normal mesoscopic fermion systems: the temperature evolution and particle number oscillations